New Analytical Advances in Transportation and Spatial Dynamics by Reggiani Aura;Gastaldi Massimo;

Author:Reggiani, Aura;Gastaldi, Massimo;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group

Table 6.11 Influence on RMSE when number of iterations and size of learning coefficient ratio are varied (TanH, Norm. Cum. rule, Epoch size = 1, Constant L. Coeff. = 0.75, Momentum = 0.7)

7 Development of High-Speed Systems in Europe: Multicriteria Ranking of Alternatives

MILAN JANIC

7.1 Introduction

Any technological development and appropriated changes in transport systems have been always considered as both evolutionary (long-term) and revolutionary (short- to medium- term) processes. They have been carried out by implementation of the new technologies, which have always been expected to be competitive in comparison to the existing ones after some period of operation on niche markets. Economics of scale and economies of density have emerged to be the driving factors to implementation of new technologies since any new technology has been always expected to improve the system overall performance, safety and efficiency (productivity and profitability). Nevertheless, many factors have emerged to make a final decision(s) on further investments and promotion of new transport technologies more complex. They can be summarized as follows (Speling, 1984):

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Potential conflicts in overall social and economic goals have often emerged;

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Transportation as an intermediate activity between production and consumption has not always guaranteed their optimization through its own optimization (maximizing the productivity and minimizing the costs);

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There has been a high level of uncertainty in pricing the specific transport inputs such as capital, labor and energy.

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